The process of packing home cleaning products is lengthy and involves multiple steps, such as sorting bottles, filling them, capping them, sealing them with aluminium foil, labelling them, printing on them with an inkjet printer, wrapping them, boxing them and stacking them.

The traditional model relies heavily on manual, segmented operations, and speed is severely affected by personnel's proficiency, fatigue and absence.

The rhythm is not uniform and there is frequent material handling, which easily leads to the accumulation of semi-finished products. During large-scale e-commerce promotions, peak seasons and bulk procurement orders, manual production capacity increases slowly and is prone to order delays and warehouse overstocking.

The specifications of home cleaning products can vary greatly. For example, laundry detergent comes in 500 ml bottles for portability, as well as household bottles containing 1 kg, 2 kg or 5 kg. Dishwashing liquid mostly comes in 500 g to 1 kg bottles.

Toilet cleaner and oil stain remover are usually supplied in spray bottles with a pointed nozzle or narrow mouth, and significant differences exist in terms of height, diameter and material.

When changing production lines using old manual equipment, it is necessary to replace tools manually and adjust the filling flow, nozzle height and conveyor belt. The time taken to change the line is measured in hours, resulting in a low overall equipment utilisation rate. This is unable to meet the production needs of small batches, multiple SKUs and rapid iteration.

The front-end processes involved in producing household cleaning products, such as mixing ingredients, emulsifying and stirring, are well established and have a stable production capacity. However, the packaging process oft en becomes the bottleneck of the entire production line. Manual operation is slow and involves a lot of material transfer, which makes it difficult to package and store the liquid products quickly after production is complete. This leads to storage tanks being occupied, work-in-progress accumulating, and an increase in capital and warehousing costs.

Manual or simple semi-automatic equipment is used for filling, making it difficult to stabilise the dosage, which can lead to insufficient net content, overfilling and leakage. 

Most household products are subject to measurement inspection. If the net content does not meet the required standards, regulatory penalties, platform removal and consumer complaints will be incurred.

Excessive leakage wastes raw materials and corrodes equipment, contaminating the workshop floor and increasing cleaning costs.

The viscosity of laundry detergent and dishwashing liquid is high. Manual capping requires uneven force, which easily leads to incomplete capping or slipping. Toilet cleaner and oil stain remover contain acidic and alkaline components and require more robust sealing.
Inadequate sealing can result in leakage during storage and transportation, which can corrode the outer packaging and contaminate other goods. This can result in customer complaints and returns.
Some products require aluminium foil sealing. Manual film application can be uneven, resulting in unreliable sealing and potentially leading to volatilization, failure and bacterial contamination.

For example, the toilet cleaner contains hydrochloric acid, while the oil cleaner contains strong alkalis and solvents.
Direct contact with these substances can easily irritate the skin and respiratory tract. Spillage of the liquid can make the workshop floor slippery, posing a risk of slipping.
Additionally, frequent contact between the bottle mouth and inner lid and human hands can easily introduce dust and debris. Although home cleaning products are not intended for consumption, they still need to comply with hygiene production standards to avoid complaints about foreign objects.

Supermarkets, e-commerce platforms and cross-border channels all have strict label requirements for household cleaning products. These must clearly indicate ingredients, standards, the production date, the shelf life, warning words, the manufacturer's information and emergency handling methods.
Manual labelling is prone to errors such as skewing, bubbles, wrinkles, double labelling and omissions, while inkjet printing can be blurry or incomplete, which can result in products being unable to enter the market or being subject to platform inspections and removal.
Some cross-border products also require multilingual labels, and it is even more difficult to ensure consistency with manual labelling.

Household cleaning is repetitive, arduous and slightly irritating work. Staff turnover is high, and the costs of recruitment, training, social security, accommodation, food and beverages, and management are increasing year on year.
At the same time, multiple shift s are required, and labour expenses account for a large proportion of production costs. A labour shortage will also directly affect production capacity.

Manual operation errors lead to bottle damage, label scrapping, packing box crushing damage, and spillage of liquid; high rework and scrap rates for defective products, as well as low utilization rates of packing materials and raw materials.
Leakage products also incur hidden costs such as returns, claims, and brand damage.

Capacity, yield rate, material usage, equipment failure rate and energy consumption per product are all recorded manually. These errors make it impossible to monitor production status in real time.
Production scheduling, cost calculation and equipment failure prediction are all difficult to optimise. Production management relies on experience and is unable to achieve precise control.